সহজ পদ্ধতিতে শিখুন ইংরেজী গ্রামার - Right Form of Verbs

1. বর্তমানের কোন অভ্যাস, চিরন্তন সত্য, নিকট ভবিষ্যৎ বোঝালে এবং বাক্যে বর্তমান নির্দেশক শব্দ যেমন always, everyday, often, sometimes, daily, regularly, usually, occasionally, generally, normally, ইত্যাদি থাকলে sentence টি Present Indefinite Tense হয় এবং verb-এর base form বসে। তবে subject টি Third Person Singular Number হলে verb–এর শেষে s/es যুক্ত হয়।

• The sun rises in the east. (rise)

• He always speaks the truth. (speak)

• We attend the class regularly. (attend)

• I am writing a letter to my brother now. (write)

• She is watching TV at this moment. (watch)

• He believes me now. (believe)

• I see a bird. (see)

3. বাক্যে already, just, just now, yet, never, ever, lately, recently ইত্যাদি থাকলে Present Perfect Tense হয়

• I have done my work recently. (do)

4. বাক্যে since/for –এর পরে কোন সময়ের উল্লেখ থাকলে Present Perfect Continuous Tense হয়।

• I have been living here for two years. (live)

5. বাক্যে yesterday, ago, long ago, long since, last, last night, last week, last month, last year, as soon as, the day before yesterday, once ইত্যাদি থাকলে Past Indefinite Tense হয়।

• He came here yesterday. (come)

• I visited London last year. (visit)

6. বাক্যে at that time, at that moment, then ইত্যাদি থাকলে Past Continuous Tense হয়।

• Rabi was singing at that time. (sing)

7. অতীতকালের দুটি ক্রমিক ঘটনা before/after দ্বারা যুক্ত হলে before-এর পূর্বে Past Perfect ও পরে Past Indefinite Tense এবং after-এর পরে Past Perfect ও পূর্বে Past Indefinite Tense হয়।

• The patient had died before the doctor came. (die)

• The patient died after the doctor had come. (come)

8. বাক্যে ভবিষ্যৎ নির্দেশক Word যেমন-- tomorrow, next (day/week/month/year), coming (day/week/month/ year) ইত্যাদি থাকলে Future Indefinite Tense হয়।

• He will come home tomorrow. (come)

• I will go to Dhaka next Friday. (go)

9. বাক্যে by this time, by (time/month/year), by next (time/month/year) ইত্যাদি থাকলে Future Perfect Tense হয়।

• I will have been in London by next year. (be)

10. Subject-এর পর do not, does not, did not থাকলে মূল verb-এর base form হয়।

• Nabil does not tell a lie. (tell)

11. Interrogative sentence যদি do, does, did দিয়ে শুরু হয় অথবা WH-word-এর পর do, does, did থাকে, তাহলে verb-এর base form হয়।

• Do you love your country? (love)

• Where did you go yesterday? (go)

12. Subject-এর পর যেকোন modal auxiliary যেমন- can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must, need, dare ইত্যাদি থাকলে মূল verb-এর base form হয়।

• He can solve the problem. (solve)

• You should obey your parents. (obey)

13. While যুক্ত বাক্যে while যুক্ত অংশটি continuous tense হয়। তবে while-এর পরে subject না থাকলে verb-এর সাথে সরাসরি ing যুক্ত হয়।

• While I was walking in the garden, a snake bit me. (walk)

• While walking in the garden, a snake bit me. (walk)

14. Since যুক্ত Complex Sentence-এর প্রথম অংশ Present Indefinite বা Present Perfect Tense হলে পরের অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হয়।

• Many years have passed since I came to Dhaka. (come)

15. Since যুক্ত Complex Sentence-এর প্রথম অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হলে পরের অংশ Past Perfect Tense হয়।

• It was long since I had seen him last. (see)

16. To be এবং having এর পর মূল verb-এর Past Participle form হয়।

• The Principle desired the notice to be hung. (hang)

17. No sooner had ……… than, scarcely had ……. when, hardly had ………. before থাকলে had-এর পরের verb টি Past Participle হয় এবং অন্য verb টি Past form হয়।

• No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away. (see,run)

18. Sentence-এ it is time/it is high time এর পরে subject থাকলে মূল verb-এর Past form হয় কিন্তু subject না থাকলে infinitive (to+verb) হয়।

• It is high time we left the place. (leave)

• It is time to go home. (go)

19. Had better, had rather, would better, would rather থাকলে মূল verb-এর base form হয়।

• You would rather change the topic. (change)

20. Lest যুক্ত sentence-এ lest-এর পরে যে subject থাকে তার পরে should/might বসে এবং verb-এর base form হয়।

• He ran fast lest he should/might miss the train. (miss)

21. অসম্ভব কোনো ইচ্ছা বা কামনা বোঝাতে I wish, if দিয়ে sentence শুরু হলে be verb যে কোনো person ও number এ were বসে। এছাড়া অন্য verb-এর ক্ষেত্রে past form হয়।

• I wish I were a child again! (be)

• If I were a bird! (be)

22. Sentence-এর শুরুতে would that থাকলে subject-এর পরে could বসে এবং verb-এর base form হয়।

• Would that I could fly like a bird. (fly)

23. As though, as if এর পূর্বের clauseটি Present Tense হলে, পরের clauseটি Past Indefinite Tense এবং be verb-এর ক্ষেত্রে were হয়। পূর্বের clauseটি Past Indefinite হলে, পরের clauseটি Past Perfect Tense হয়।

• He talks as if he knew everything. (know)

• He was speaking as though he had not seen me. (not see)

24. If যুক্ত complex sentence-এ if-clauseটি Present Indefinite Tense হলে, অপর clauseটি Future Indefinite Tense হয়।

• If he comes, I will go with him. (go)

25. If যুক্ত complex sentence-এ if-clauseটি Past Indefinite Tense হলে, অপর clauseটিতে subject-এর পরে would/could + verb-এর base form বসে।

• If I knew her address, I would write to her. (write)

26. If যুক্ত complex sentence-এ if-clauseটি Past Perfect Tense হলে, অপর clauseটিতে subject-এর পরে would have + verb-এর past participle form বসে।

• If I had known the matter, I would have informed you. (inform)

27. Had + subject যুক্ত complex sentence-এ অপর clause-টিতে subject-এর পরে would have/could have/should have/might have + verb-এর past participle form বসে।

• Had I been a king, I would have helped the poor. (help)

• Had I seen him, I could have given him the book. (give)

28. That যুক্ত sentence-এর পূর্বের clause-টি Past Indefinite Tense হলে, পরের clause-টি সাধারণত Past Perfect Tense হয়। কাজ দুটি আগে পরে বোঝালে আগের কাজটি Past Perfect Tense এবং পরের কাজটি Past Indefinite Tense হয়।

• He said that he had visited the Cox’sbazar. (visit)

• You told me that you had finished the work. (finish)

29. Have, has, had, get ইত্যাদি causative verb হিসেবে কাজ করলে, এর পরের object-টি অপ্রাণীবাচক হলে main verb-এর past participle form হয়। কিন্তু object-টি প্রাণীবাচক হলে main verb-এর present form হয়।

• We are having the house painted. (paint)

• We are having some people paint the house. (paint)

30. Stop, delay, consider, admit, miss, involve, prefer, finish, postpone, imagine, avoid, deny, practice, appreciate, enjoy, mind, quit, recall, report, resist, resume, risk, suggest ইত্যাদি verb যুক্ত simple sentence-এ পরের verb-টির সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়।

• We enjoyed seeing the natural beauties. (see)

• Would you mind taking a cup of tea. (take)

• He stopped writing letters to me. (write)

31. Agree, plan, aim, afford, manage, threaten, refuse, arrange, learn, forget, fail, offer, decide, hope, deserve, attempt, promise, demand, desire, expect, hesitate, intend, need, prepare, pretend, seem, want, wish, choose ইত্যাদি verb যুক্ত simple sentence-এ পরের verb-টি infinitive (to+verb) হয়।

• He agreed to pay the bill. (pay)

• We planned to visit the place. (visit)

• He promised to do it. (do)

32. Begin, start, try, remember, like, hate, love, intend ইত্যাদি verb-এর পরের object হিসেবে verb-টির gerund ও infinitive উভয়ই হয়।

• He loves to cook/cooking. (cook)

• He intended to meet/meeting me. (meet)

33. “To” preposition-এর পরে verb-এর present form হয়। তবে কতিপয় phrase যেমন with a view to, look forward to, be used to, get used to, prefer to, addicted to -এর সাথে to যুক্ত থাকলেও verb-টির সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়।

• He told me to do the work. (do)

• I look forward to hearing from you. (hear)

• I went to the station with a view to seeing my mother off. (see)

34. To ব্যতিত অন্যান্য preposition-এর পরে verb-এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়। 

• I never think of going there. (go)

• He came here for giving me surprise. (give)

35. Ask, advise, allow, convince, encourage, force, help, instruct, invite, persuade, remind, request, teach, tell ইত্যাদি verb-এর পর noun/pronoun থাকলে এর পরে infinitive হয়।

• Mother asked me to go to bed. (go)

• He helped me to do/do it. (do)

36. Let, make, help, hear, watch, see ইত্যাদি verb-এর পর noun/pronoun থাকলে এর পরে bare infinitive হয়। তবে passive voice-এ infinitive হয়।

• He made me understand it. (understand).

• He helped me to do/do it. (do)

37. Feel, hear, notice, see, observe, watch, smell ইত্যাদি verb-এর পর noun/pronoun থাকলে এর পরে bare infinitive/present participle হয়।

• I heard the baby cry/crying. (cry)

• He saw the man go/going. (go)

38. Cannot help, could not help, would you mind, worth, feel like এর পরে verb-এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়।

• I cannot help obeying my teacher. (obey)

39. Cannot but, could not but এর পরে verb-এর present form বসে।

• I could not but laugh. (laugh)